On Wednesday, as markets continued to gyrate wildly amid what amounts to an across-the-board margin call, Janet Yellen and Ben Bernanke called on the Fed to do more to ameliorate the strain on households and businesses from what, ultimately, will be a near total shutdown of the US economy.
At the same time, Bill Ackman called on Trump to declare “an extended Spring Break”, that would entail shutting down the country for 30 days, and declaring all payrolls, rent, mortgages and interest expenses the purview of the federal government until such a time as the economy is back on its feet, and citizens are safe.
We are, to put it bluntly, at a tipping point.
Some now fear that failing to take unprecedented action immediately could result in a devastating depression from which the economy may not fully recover for decades.
More importantly, some seem to believe that absent a kind of universal shelter-in-place imperative applicable to virutally the entire western world, the health risk to the public could spiral out of control.
In short, we’re now long past “concern.” Over the past 48 hours, it feels as though we’ve even moved beyond “panic” into some new, unexplored realm where serious people are pondering an almost apocalyptic scenario.
It’s crucial to note that it’s very difficult at this juncture to decide who’s being rational and who isn’t. Indeed, the point seems to be that until we know, with something approximating certainty, whether the most dire projections are or aren’t plausible, it’s best to take no chances.
For those wondering, my own personal view is that fear has now run out ahead of reality. That’s not to downplay the human suffering, nor is it to suggest that the economic hit from the measures that have already been put in place isn’t going to be dramatic. But we seem to be treating COVID-19 like one of the hemorrhagic fevers – as though Ebola or Marburg is loose and spreading unchecked. But, I’m no virologist, and this isn’t an Epidemiology portal.
With the above as the backdrop, below find Ackman’s open letter to Trump, followed by (heavily abridged) excerpts from Bernanke and Yellen’s Op-Ed in FT.
By Bill Ackman
Mr. President,
The only answer is to shut down the country for the next 30 days and close the borders.
Tell all Americans that you are putting us on an extended Spring Break at home with family. Keep only essential services open. The government pays wages until we reopen.
No one defaults, no one forecloses. A 30-day rent, interest and tax holiday for all. The shutdown is inevitable as it is already happening, but not in a controlled fashion which is extending the economic pain and amplifying the spread of the virus.
With exponential compounding, every day we postpone the shutdown costs thousands, and soon hundreds of thousands, and then millions of lives, and destroys the economy.
Please send everyone home now. With your leadership, we can end this now. The rest of the world will follow your lead. A global Spring Break will save us all.
By Ben Bernanke and Janet Yellen
The underlying challenges today are quite different [than the financial crisis]. Back then, the near-collapse of the financial system froze credit and spending; the goal of monetary policy was to restart both. Now, the problem is not originating from financial markets: they are only reflecting underlying concerns about the potential damage caused by the coronavirus pandemic, which of course monetary policy cannot influence.
In the near term, public health objectives necessitate people staying home from shopping and work, especially if they are sick or at risk. So production and spending must inevitably decline for a time.
So what are the Fed’s objectives today? Its recent actions have been aimed at stabilizing financial markets, which have been highly volatile and have not functioned normally.
However, the Fed and other policymakers face an even bigger challenge. They must ensure that the economic damage from the pandemic is not long-lasting. Ideally, when the effects of the virus pass, people will go back to work, to school, to the shops, and the economy will return to normal. In that scenario, the recession may be deep, but at least it will have been short.
But that isn’t the only possible scenario: if critical economic relationships are disrupted by months of low activity, the economy may take a very long time to recover. Otherwise healthy businesses might have to shut down due to several months of low revenues. Once they have declared bankruptcy, re-establishing credit and returning to normal operations may not be easy. If a financially strapped firm lays off – or declines to hire – workers, it will lose the experienced employees needed to resume normal business. Or a family temporarily without income might default on its mortgage, losing its home.
To avoid permanent damage from the virus-induced downturn, it is important to ensure that credit is available for otherwise sound borrowers who face a temporary period of low income or revenues. One of the Fed’s principal goals is to ensure that credit is available. It has strongly encouraged banks to work with borrowers suffering from temporary income losses, and it has lowered the interest rate it charges to banks who borrow from the Fed’s discount window. The Fed’s purchases of mortgage securities should lower mortgage rates and make it easier to obtain or refinance a mortgage. Congress is also looking at providing targeted help to households, firms and industries most severely hit by the economic effects of the virus.
However, there is more that the central bank should consider doing as it helps Congress reduce the long-run effects of the downturn. First, although the Fed has made the terms of its discount window more attractive, banks have historically been reluctant to use the discount window as a source of funding. They often fear that the markets will infer that if a lender has to use the discount window it must be financially weak. During the financial crisis, the Fed solved that problem by supplementing the discount window with a program called the Term Auction Facility, which auctioned funds to banks. For various reasons, banks were much more willing to use the TAF, and it was accordingly more successful at providing them with the funds they needed to make loans.
The Fed could also explore a low-cost financing facility for banks to support lending to households and small businesses adversely affected by the crisis. A facility, similar to the Bank of England’s Funding for Lending Scheme, could spur the provision of credit to these borrowers. Funding for lending programs have been successful in a number of other major economies at increasing the availability of credit to bank-dependent borrowers.
The Fed, with the support of Treasury and the Congress, could also restart the Term Asset-Backed Lending Facility – a program that succeeded during the 2008 crisis in expanding credit to many households and businesses. This facility could support the issuance of asset-backed securities collateralized by loans to businesses and consumers affected by the crisis.
Beyond ensuring that lenders have adequate liquidity, the Fed has already taken an important step toward unfreezing corporate credit markets. In 2008, the commercial paper market – through which corporations get essential short-term funding – effectively froze up, putting many companies under critical pressure. The Fed created a program called the Commercial Paper Funding Facility, through which the Fed made short-term loans directly to qualifying firms. The Fed is reinstituting this program, which was highly successful during the crisis, not only in ensuring the flow of short-term credit but in unfreezing the market and bringing back private lenders. It also made no losses and earned a profit for taxpayers.
Finally, as Eric Rosengren, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston recently suggested, the Fed could ask Congress for the authority to buy limited amounts of investment-grade corporate debt. Most central banks already have this power.
Central bank tools cannot eliminate the direct costs of the virus, including the suffering and loss it will create. However, the Fed can help mitigate the economic effects of the outbreak, particularly by assuring that, once the virus’s direct effects are controlled, the economy can rebound quickly.
Last-stage capitalism?
It appears that we have reached some semblance of peak panic. At least as concerns the economy and financial markets.
I suspect that you are correct about fear outpacing reality. Perspective is one of the first things to be lost in the face of calamity.
Though information from China is incomplete and heavily censored by the Chinese government the course of the COVID-19 epidemic in China does not point to a catastrophic loss of human life. Furthermore, South Korea and Japan appear to be navigating the pandemic quite effectively (given the circumstances).
I do wonder though if shutdowns and even curfews will work as well in Western democracies. Despite advisories throughout my state, I saw quite a few people (especially those in their thirties or younger) out and about yesterday afternoon. Not just shopping for provisions but also jogging, biking, walking the dog, etc… The authorities can ask people for social distancing in order to flatten the curve. In the end though people, who were brought up on the primacy of individual liberties, will tend to make choices based on their own outlook.
After all is said and done the market has yet to capitulate. YTD, AAPL still up 7%, MSFT now at -0.22%, AMZN -2.75%. You get the picture. Much more pain to come when tech finally gets whacked. Then the buying at “deal of century” prices can begin.
While the selloff in equities appears to be reasonably orderly today, the bond market rout appears to be accelerating.
Bernanke and Yellen were fully on point in their statement. To wit, the Fed needs to support credit markets as fully as possible.
We should just have kept on going, its elderly fat people to die from Corona. Is this reality better ? How many people have critical health care postponed/cancelled due to corona, what is the social consequences of all small business going bankrupt???
Let the virus spread – and spend the billions of dollars on critical health care to take of the old and sick instead.
The Yoda’s are right. But you can’t shut the US down for 30 days. At least 140 million people in our society have no net worth, no cash, lack secure housing, lack food security, and no matter what warranties are made by the government to the contrary there will not be any “little people” to flip on the lights when we suddenly start up again. What the hell do these jerk-offs think we will be eating, drinking or doing for a month? No power, no water, no food, no gas, no TV, no cell phones, no wifi, nothing. I’m sorry I’m just listing the obvious exceptions that won’t be included? This country is simply too complex to turn off. The Chinese made it look easy because they kept most of the mess in a few places and could use the rest to cover them. Shut everything off at once and there’s no backup to cover the rest.
Oh, does shutting it all off included healthcare too? First Responders? Who will feed them? The donut guy? Come on, man …
We do not have a robust public health system in the US. It has been hollowed out like a lot of the rest of our safety net. A lesson from this, will be to do something to fix this obvious flaw- rather than build a couple of more aircraft carriers. No healthy kids to man the ship, it won’t matter how good the carrier is.
I think the issue here is that the largest most active voting block is also the most susceptible to death. This is making it clear where our priorities were and are. I am not saying it’s fine to just let it happen but for that age range this is Ebola. In short order nothing short of a monetized consumer debt jubilee will breath life back into this economy combined with a UBI rollout.
Test kits, test kits, test kits and social distancing to flatten the curve. If we had the f’n kits, we could chase the virus down and avoid flooding the hospitals where doctors would have to choose who lives and dies. Some hospitals are way understaffed because they have corona get loose in the hospital and then have to quarantine chunks of the staff not knowing who is infected and who isn’t because of lack of rapid test kits. Test kits, test kits, test kits!
Read over the weekend that South Korea was testing 10,000 patients a day. The CDC at that point, 8.
To take the example of the transmissibility of covid, based on very early and unreliable data, model estimates suggested a reproduction number from 2.3 to 13+. For reference, influenza is commonly assumed to have an average reproduction number of 1.3, and a range of slightly less than one to slightly more than 2. A new study released on the 17th from South Korea (https://www.ijidonline.com/article/S1201-9712(20)30150-8/fulltext) estimates the Korean reproduction number to be 1.5, while Singapore is reporting 1. The Korean number is interesting, as they have not taken the extreme measures common elsewhere. Nevertheless, it’s now taken as a fact that covid has much higher transmissibility than influenza. So I would rephrase the refrain ‘test kits, test kits, test kits’ to ‘data, data, data’. No business could survive if it took worse case measures every time early and unreliable data indicated the possibility of disaster. The situation we’re in seems to be, at its core, an issue of risk and risk aversion in society. Perhaps the aging demographics are now driving extreme societal risk aversion which unfortunately is likely to undermine the very safety it seeks to ensure.
OMG. And this people said that I’m spreading fear!
I do not know how to price this market; however I too now believe that the fear is out ahead of the reality. Yet the reality was about 40% ahead of the market, obviously that was a slow ascent by comparison. Which of the distances covered had more energy behind it. The ascent of the market was lifted with hot air, and the fall revealed weaknesses in current leadership and as others have noted our health care system. Two problems that only half of the country acknowledged and seemed wound up to be perpetual. I see opportunity to fire the boss, and to fire our lousy health care system. I cannot price this market, I can assign value to the future. So that is what I am trying to do.
It is good to have had mental preparation for something like this via the H. Report and it’s conductor. The Report has drawn some halfway decent posters out of a pool of what is the right phrase… mostly crazy contrarians. Nod to Ria and others of her wisdom who provide good insight.